Flashing - why?#

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The reason that I could not DFU to the F4 were two fold. The LibUSB driver that we use for the F1 DFU does not work correctly with the F4 2. The version of dfu-util we use with the F1 is not compatible with DFUSe needed for the F4. I think perhaps both the driver and the version of dfu-util which are included in the core, need to be updated.

You can flash the microcontrollers (ATmega32u4, Pro Micro, Elite-C, etc) in your kit prior to building your keyboard to ensure that they are undamaged and functioning normally.

In this video, you will see how to program the STM32 with USB DFU if its available.The Links that are mentioned in the video are:AN2606 from ST: http://www.s.
STSW-STM32102 - STM32 Virtual COM Port Driver, STSW-STM32102, STMicroelectronics.

This might be a good practice to be sure you're starting out with gear that will perform as desired. While there are multiple methods of flashing, this guide with only address the usage of QMK Toolbox to perform flashing.

Determining Bootloader#

Before flashing, you'll need to know what bootloader is present on the microcontroller that's on your PCB. A bootloader is a program on the microcontroller that allows firmware to be uploaded to the microcontroller via USB. It's important to know what bootloader is present on your board, as the flashing procedure varies based on what you have.

Here's the different possible bootloaders in use for Keebio boards:

ATmega32u4 DFU Bootloader (most common)
- This bootloader is the one present on most Keebio PCBs that already have a microcontroller pre-soldered onto it
- Also present on Elite-C
STM32 DFU Bootloader
- This bootloader is on STM32-based keyboards
- Currently, STM32 is used on the following Keebio PCBs:
  - DSP40 Rev. 1
  - BDN9 Rev. 2
- Also present on the Proton C
Caterina Bootloader
- Found on Arduino Pro Micro controllers, so if you've built a board with a Pro Micro, you have the Caterina Bootloader

Flashing Options#

Using QMK Toolbox#

QMK Toolbox contains various flashing tools into one app, and has been designed to make the flashing process easier.

Make sure you download the latest release here. For this guide, make sure you have Version 0.0.21 or higher installed, as the most recent versions have better device detection methods for more reliable flashing.

Using QMK Environment#

One way to flash is using the command-line via a QMK environment setup. Here's a couple of links on how to do that from the QMK documentation:

Setting up the QMK build environment is beyond the scope of this guide, so if you need assistance with that, consult the QMK Introductory Tutorial and/or join the QMK Discord Server.

Flashing ATmega32u4 (DFU Bootloader)#

One-time Setup (Windows only)#

This section only applies to Windows, skip this if you are on a Mac, as there are no drivers needed for Mac.

If you open up QMK Toolbox, press the reset button on your ATmega32u4-based board, and see (NO DRIVER) on the line for Atmel DFU device connected, then you'll need to install the bootloader driver on Windows.

To install the DFU Bootloader driver, right-click anywhere in the top part of the QMK Toolbox window as shown below and click on Install Drivers... The ATmega32u4 DFU Bootloader driver along with other bootloader drivers will be installed.

If you are having issues with driver installation, see Driver Installation with Zadig.

Flashing#

If you're on Windows or Mac, you can follow the procedure below.

For QMK#

Open up the QMK Toolbox application
- Plug in your PCB
Open the file you downloaded.
For most Keebio items, the MCU field will be pre-filled with ATmega32u4.
With your keyboard connected to the computer hold the reset button for a second and then let go.
- You should see a line in yellow that tells you it is connected.
Now that your keymap file is loaded and your PCB is connected, click Flash
After flashing, your PCB will disconnect and it will exit bootloader
- This will give you another yellow line.

Mac#

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Windows#

Flashing the Pro Micro (Caterina Bootloader)#

Download QMK Toolbox
Open QMK Toolbox
- Make sure you are using QMK Toolbox version 0.0.21 or higher.
Open your firmware file you want in your Pro Micro
Plug in your Pro Micro
- QMK will detect it but ignore that. But, if it does not, you need to verify you are on version 0.0.21.
Checkmark Auto-Flash
Double-tap the RST and GND pins with tweezers/paperclip or reset button

You'll know it's finished and functioning keyboard if you have seen the second yellow line indicating that the bootloader device has disconnected.
Small caution: If you receive the line butterfly_recv(): programmer is not responding you need to make sure that you reset your Pro Micro by double-tapping

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STM32 Chip#

One-time Setup (Windows only)#

This section only applies to Windows, skip this if you are on a Mac, as there are no drivers needed for Mac.

If you open up QMK Toolbox, press the reset button on your STM32-based board, and see (NO DRIVER) as shown below, then you'll need to install the bootloader driver on Windows.

To install the STM32 Bootloader driver, right-click anywhere in the top part of the QMK Toolbox window as shown below and click on Install Drivers... Hercules dj console rmx drivers heritage for the future. The STM32 Bootloader driver along with other bootloader drivers will be installed.

If you are having issues with driver installation, see Driver Installation with Zadig.

Flashing#

Open up the .bin file for your board
Ignore the MCU (AVR only) box
Hold the reset button for one second and let go
You should now see the yellow connected line
Add/open your firmware file for your device
Click Flash
You'll see many lines in gray, but then the second yellow line that has the word disconnected will confirm that your keyboard is now functioning.

Mac#

Windows#

5,248 downloads·Added on: June 26, 2018·Manufacturer: Apple

The package provides the installation files for Apple Recovery (DFU) USB Device Driver version 423.36.0.0.

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If the driver is already installed on your system, updating (overwrite-installing) may fix various issues, add new functions, or just upgrade to the available version. Take into consideration that is not recommended to install the driver on Operating Systems other than stated ones.

In order to manually update your driver, follow the steps below (the next steps):

1. Extract the .cab file to a folder of your choice
2. Go to Device Manager (right click on My Computer, choose Manage and then find Device Manager in the left panel), or right click on Start Menu for Windows 10 and select Device Manager
3. Right click on the hardware device you wish to update and choose Update Driver Software
4. Choose to select the location of the new driver manually and browse to the folder where you extracted the driver
5. If you already have the driver installed and want to update to a newer version got to 'Let me pick from a list of d